An example of a very well written abstract

Some time ago, Google Scholar has suggested me this article, published by the research group led by our CPGEI colleagues Prof. Joaquim M. Maia and Prof. Amauri A. Assef: https://www.spiedigitallibrary.org/conference-proceedings-of-spie/12567/125670Y/Qualitative-and-quantitative-comparison-of-simulated-ultrasound-images-generated-by/10.1117/12.2669929.short

I did not access the paper itself, but the publicly available abstract is very well written, and provides a good example of how we should structure this kind of small text.

Notice that, in 240 words, it contains all the sections required:

• State of the art:
  “The beamforming technique has been successfully used for real-time ultrasound imaging and applications. Traditionally, the most commercially available ultrasound systems still implement standard Delay-and-Sum (DAS) beamforming for B-mode imaging. This technique performs the time delay and coherent summation of ultrasonic radiofrequency (RF) echoes received by individual transducer elements to align the backscattered signals at the focal point.”
  
• The gap or limitation that was found in the state of the art, with the iconic adverb “however”:
  “However, the transducer aperture size and system operating frequency limit the image resolution and contrast achievable with DAS.”
  
• A proposal on how to cope with that gap or limitation:
  “For this reason, new methods based on adaptive beamforming algorithms, such as Minimum Variance (MV), have been studied to improve the quality of the signal received by the transducer and reduce the effects of noise and interference.”
  
• The scope of the work:
  “This work compares a B-mode ultrasound image generated by the DAS technique and the MV combined with DAS beamforming using Field II acoustic field simulation software.”
  
• The materials and methods employed:
  “A simulated phantom with 18 targets, separated into three groups, and surrounded by a uniform background, was created. For qualitative analysis, two-dimensional and three-dimensional images simulated using DAS and MV beamformers are presented. The quantitative analyses were employed to compare the performance of the MV over the DAS beamforming using axial and lateral full width at half maximum (FWHM) and geometric distortion ratio (GDR) measurements of the central target group.”
  
• The results that were found (with actual numbers!):
  “According to those metrics, no significant changes were observed regarding the axial FWHM. However, the MV method considerably reduced the lateral FWHM by more than 40%, with a minimum GDR of 37%.”

Please come back to this template whenever you are not sure about how to structure your abstract.